In the Wikipedia article
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wieferich_prime
under the section
"Connection with other equations"
I came across the equation $$2|x_1=u$$ The explanation seems to indicate that $2|x_1$ is the valuation of the lowest solution with respect to $2$.
Did I understand this correctly ?
It means that $2$ divides $x_1$ (which is what $2 \mid x_1$ means) and that $x_1 = u$. This is not a common notation.
Note to others checking later: I've edited the wikipedia article to not have this notation anymore.