From What I understand a sequence $(a_k)$ is eventually constant such that $a_k=a$ whenever $k>N$. Does that mean a sequence is not eventually constant such that $a_k=a$ whenever $k<N$?
What does it mean if a sequence is not eventually constant
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Think what this means in english.
A sequence is eventually constant means an some point all the values from than on out are going to be the same.
That is to say the sequence is $\{a_1, a_2, a_3,........, a_{n-1}, a_n, a,a,a,a,........,a,a,a,a,a,....\}$ where after the $n$ term all the remaining terms are the same.
A sequence not being eventually constant means ... that that isn't the case; that no mater how far you go sequence's term will vary and not settle to a single value.
That the seqence is $\{a_1, a_2, a_3,........, a_{n-1}, a_n, a_{n+1}, a_{n+2}....\}$ and that it isn't the case that all the $a_i$ are the same after some point. That's really all. It's not a complicated concept.
In math we say:
${a_k}$ is eventually constant if there is some $N$ and some value $a$ so that for all $k > N$, $a_k = a$.
In other words, we the sequence is $\{a_1, a_2, ....., a_{N-1}, a_N, a,a,a,a,a.....\}$
If that is not true that means for any $a_k$ there will always be a $m > k$ where $a_m \ne a_k$ (and then there will but an $n > m$ where $a_n \ne a_m$ and so on.
No matter how far you go, there will always be terms further along that are not equal to each other.
No, it means that the points keep moving around. No matter what point $a$ and number $N$ you pick there is a point $a_k$ with $k \gt N$ and $a_k \neq a$