Let $M$ be a Riemannian symmetric space. $M$ is then of the form $G/H$ for a semi-simple Lie group $G$ and a closed Lie subgroup $H \subset G$. In this classification, the metric $\eta$ on $M$ is given by $$\eta_{[g]}(X,Y)=K(dl_{g^{-1}}X,dl_{g^{-1}}),$$ where $K$ is the Killing form on $\mathfrak{g}$, $g \in G$ and $X$, $Y \in T_gG$. This is well-defined (independent of choice of $g \in [g] \in G/H$), because of the $ad$-invariance of $K$.
The Riemannian symmetric spaces have been classified, there is a list of all possibilities.
Question 1: What are the holonomy groups for all symmetric spaces?
It should be not a very difficult task to compute them in all cases, but I have not found it anywhere.
Question 2: Even if $G/H$ is not a symmetric space, $G/H$ still carries the above described canonical metric, as long as $G$ is semi-simple. What are the holonomy groups in these cases?