I have been thinking about a graph-theoretic construction and was wondering if anyone knew what it was called.
I suspect that this is a construction that is
- already named or closely related to a named construction; and
- valid for all directed acyclic graphs (DAGs).
I'll give an example first and then try to formulate the construction.
Original DAG
Constructed DAG
Nonrigorous description of construction
Below is a description of the construction I am asking about.
Given a DAG, the construction (vaguely) consists of
possibly adding one or more new vertices (in the example above, the vertex $X$)
possibly modifying the edges such that
- the constructed graph is still a DAG
- reachability and non-reachability between all original vertices are preserved
- the underlying undirected graph of the constructed DAG is a tree (unsure about this one — as @Dániel G. points out, this would be impossible if, say, the subgraph of reachable vertices from some vertex in the original DAG contained a cycle in its underlying graph)
I have not verified that this construction is well-defined (existent/unique) for all DAGs.
The motivation is, in the context where a directed edge from a vertex points to a direct ancestor or a direct dependency, abstracting/inferring "hidden" ancestors or dependencies that "simplify" the overall ancestry or dependence structure.
Related concepts
Based on my search so far, I suspect these concepts may be related to my construction as (vaguely) described above.

