What really happens when you use sine, cosine or tangent.

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Please keep in mind that I am only a beginner when it comes to trigonometry. I understand that sine is opposite/hypotenuse, cosine is adjacent/hypotenuse and that tangent is opposite/adjacent. My questions is that when you input sin(B)=AC/Hypotenuse (when hypotenuse and B is given to us). What does the calculator do to get the answer.