When a physical space is a mathematical space and viceversa?

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A physical space use a physical lenght, they talk about 'base unit' or magnitude like a 'quantity' of a object but at the end physics and mathematics meet together and speak the same language in a common place: dimension.
So here we can discriminate and jump from physical definition to mathematical definition: now we are in an euclidean space $\rightarrow$ euclidean metric.

So.. between physical space definition and mathematical space definition we have a topological space: it's like a window.

Can we think of such a thing?

P.S: I had also thought of a quotient space but the definition of topological space seems to me the most general.