Which mathematical tool or method should I use to compare two matrices most efficiently?

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I have two matrices(the first one is mxm, while the second one is nxn, m>n). They store data pertaining to human speech. The second matrix contains a data segment that acts like an acoustic "signature". I need to find where this data occurs in the first matrix. Which mathematical tool(s) or method(s) can I use to get it done? I know convolution can help me out but is this the best(more importantly fastest) way?

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It sounds like Cross Correlation is the method you are looking for. Note that implementation using a DFT instead of the brute force definition is much more efficient.

A nice example for 2D matrices (in this case images), can be found here.