A equivalent definition of the Feller Process.

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I saw this on Liggett's Book (P.95).

Let $S=% %TCIMACRO{\U{2115} }% %BeginExpansion \mathbb{N} %EndExpansion ,$ and suppose $\left( X_{t}\right) _{t\geq 0}$ is a continuous-time Markov process with state space $S$ and transition function $\left( p_{t}\right) _{t\geq 0}.$ Show that $\left( X_{t}\right) _{t\geq 0}$ is a Feller process if and only if

$$ \lim_{t\downarrow 0}p\left( x,\left\{ x\right\} \right) =1\text{ for all }% x\in %TCIMACRO{\U{2115} }% %BeginExpansion \mathbb{N} %EndExpansion $$

and

$$ \lim_{x\rightarrow \infty }p_{t}\left( x,\left\{ y\right\} \right) =0\text{ for all }y\in %TCIMACRO{\U{2115} }% %BeginExpansion \mathbb{N} %EndExpansion \text{ and }t>0. $$

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Only if: Suppose $X$ is Feller. Take $x\in\mathbb{N}$. For $y\in\mathbb{N}$, let $f(y) = \delta_{x,y}$. $$\begin{align}\lim_{t\to 0}p_t(x, \{x\}) &= \lim_{t\to 0}\mathbb{E}_x[f(X_t)]\\ &= f(x)\\ &= 1\end{align}$$ Fix $y\in\mathbb{N}$ and $t>0$. Suppose $$\lim_{x\to\infty}p_t(x,\{y\}) > 0.$$ Then there is $\epsilon>0$ and an infinite subset $A$ of $\mathbb{N}$ such that, for $a\in A$, $p(a, \{y\})\ge \epsilon$. For $x\in\mathbb{N}$, let $g(x) =\delta_{x,y}$. $g\in C(\mathbb{N})$. $$\begin{align}\mathbb{E}_x[g(X_t)] &= p_t(x, {y})\\ &\ge \epsilon,\end{align}$$ So $p_tg\notin C(\mathbb{N})$, contradicting the Feller property of $X$.

If: Suppose $X$ is a process for which the given pair of properties holds. Take $f\in C(\mathbb{N})$. Fix $x\in\mathbb{N}$. $$\begin{align}\lim_{t\to 0}E_x[f(X_t)] &= \lim_{t\to 0}\mathbb{E}_x\left[\sum_{y\in\mathbb{N}}f(y)\delta_{X_t,y}\right]\\ &= \lim_{t\to 0} \sum_{y\in\mathbb{N}}\mathbb{E}_x[f(y)\delta_{X_t,y}]\\ &=\lim_{t\to 0} \sum_{y\in\mathbb{N}}f(y)p_t(x, y)\\ &= \sum_{y\in\mathbb{N}}f(y)\delta_{x,y}\\ &= f(x),\end{align}$$ with the interchanges being justified by boundedness of $f$.

Let $M<\infty$ bound |f|. Fix $\epsilon > 0$ and let $L$ be the compact set on which $|f|> \epsilon / 2$. Fix $x\in\mathbb{N}$. $$\lim_{x\to \infty}p(x, L) = 0.$$ $$\begin{align}\mathbb{E}_x[f(X_t)] &\le Mp(x, L) + \epsilon(1 - p(x, L)) / 2\\ &\le Mp(x, L) + \epsilon / 2\end{align}$$ We may choose $N$ such that $Mp(x,L) \le \epsilon / 2$, for $x\ge N$. Then, outside of the compact set $\{0, \cdots, N\}$, $x\mapsto\mathbb{E}_x[f(X_t)]\le \epsilon$. So $X$ is Feller.