The following statements of the implicit function theorem is from "Calculus - Several Variables -" by Shoshichi Kobayashi (in Japanese).
Let $f(x,y,z)$ be a function defined on an open set which contains a point $(x_0,y_0,z_0)$.
Let $f_x,f_y,f_z$ be continuous functions.
Let $f(x_0,y_0,z_0)=0, f_z(x_0,y_0,z_0)\neq 0$.
There exist $a, b>0$ and a unique $C^1$ function $z=h(x,y)$ defined on $|x-x_0|<a,|y-y_0|<a$ such that
- $z_0=h(x_0,y_0)$,
- $|h(x,y)-z_0|<b,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,|x-x_0|<a, |y-y_0|<a,$
- $f(x,y,h(x,y))\equiv 0,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,|x-x_0|<a, |y-y_0|<a,$
- $f_z(x,y,h(x,y))\neq 0,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,|x-x_0|<a, |y-y_0|<a,$
- $h_x(x,y)=-\frac{f_x(x,y,h(x,y))}{f_z(x,y,h(x,y))},\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,|x-x_0|<a, |y-y_0|<a,$
- $h_y(x,y)=-\frac{f_y(x,y,h(x,y))}{f_z(x,y,h(x,y))},\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,|x-x_0|<a, |y-y_0|<a.$
I think we don't need the following statement:
- $|h(x,y)-z_0|<b,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,|x-x_0|<a, |y-y_0|<a,$
I think the following statements are sufficient:
Let $f(x,y,z)$ be a function defined on an open set which contains a point $(x_0,y_0,z_0)$.
Let $f_x,f_y,f_z$ be continuous functions.
Let $f(x_0,y_0,z_0)=0, f_z(x_0,y_0,z_0)\neq 0$.
There exist $a>0$ and a unique $C^1$ function $z=h(x,y)$ defined on $|x-x_0|<a,|y-y_0|<a$ such that
- $z_0=h(x_0,y_0)$,
- $f(x,y,h(x,y))\equiv 0,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,|x-x_0|<a, |y-y_0|<a,$
- $f_z(x,y,h(x,y))\neq 0,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,|x-x_0|<a, |y-y_0|<a,$
- $h_x(x,y)=-\frac{f_x(x,y,h(x,y))}{f_z(x,y,h(x,y))},\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,|x-x_0|<a, |y-y_0|<a,$
- $h_y(x,y)=-\frac{f_y(x,y,h(x,y))}{f_z(x,y,h(x,y))},\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,|x-x_0|<a, |y-y_0|<a.$
Why did the author write 2.?