An unexpected pair of almost-Fibonacci and Tribonacci series

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I use a modification of the SEIR model of epidemic spread which yields - for me totally out of the blue - for special parameters an astoninglishly good approximation of the Fibonacci series with a rather well-behaved delta that initially looks like $a(n) = \sum_{k=0}^n T(k)$ where $T(n)$ are the Tribonacci numbers.

With

  • $S$ the number of susceptible individuals

  • $E$ the number of exposed individuals

  • $I$ the number of infectious individuals

  • $R$ the number of recovered individuals

  • $P = S + E + I + R$ the total size of the population

  • $\lambda = 1d$ the latency period, i.e. the number of days ($d$) it takes that an exposed individual becomes infectious

  • $\beta = 1/d$ the infection rate, i.e. the number of individuals infected by an infectious individual per day

  • $\delta = 5d$ the duration of infectiousness, i.e. an individual recovers $\lambda + \delta$ days after getting infected

In this model, the (dimensionless) basic reproduction number is $R_0 = \beta \cdot \delta = 5$.

The discrete model (with $\Delta t = 1d$) looks like this. Let $N(t) = \beta \cdot I(t-1) \cdot S(t-1) / P$ be the number of newly infected individuals at day $t$.

  • $\Delta S(t) = -N(t)$

  • $\Delta E(t) = N(t) - E(t-1)/\lambda$

  • $\Delta I(t) = E(t-1)/\lambda - N(t - \lambda - \delta)$

  • $\Delta R(t) = N(t - \lambda - \delta)$

or for $\lambda = \beta = 1$, $\delta = 5$

  • $\Delta S(t) = -N(t)$

  • $\Delta E(t) = N(t) - E(t-1)$

  • $\Delta I(t) = E(t-1) - N(t - 6)$

  • $\Delta R(t) = N(t - 6)$

with $S(0) = P - 1$, $E(0) = 1$, $I(0) = 0$, $R(0) = 0$.

The modification of the standard SEIR model lies in the handling of the duration of infectiousness $\delta$. Usually this is handled (just like the latency period above) as a recovering or removal rate $\nu = (\lambda + \delta)^{-1}$. In our model individuals become recovered not by rate but exactly $\lambda + \delta$ days after getting infected. This means for $\Delta I(t)$ we substract $N(t-6) = I(t-7)\cdot S(t-7)/P$ instead of $I(t-1)/6$.

This is the time series of numbers of currently infected individuals (i.e. exposed or infectious) together with their difference to the corresponding Fibonacci numbers:

0    1        -   1 = 0
1    1        -   1 = 0
2    2        -   2 = 0
3    2.999999 -   3 = 0.00001
4    4.999997 -   5 = 0.00003
5    7.999990 -   8 = 0.0001
6    11.99997 -  13 = 1
7    18.99992 -  21 = 2
8    29.99980 -  34 = 4
9    46.99949 -  55 = 8
10   73.99872 -  89 = 15
11   115.9967 - 144 = 28
12   181.9919 - 233 = 51
13   285.9800 - 377 = 91

The series of deltas $1, 2, 4, 8, 15, 28, ... $ resembles the sequence $a(n) = \sum_{k=0}^n T(k)$ where $T(n)$ are the Tribonacci numbers. This might be an accident - or it has an explanation.

For such an explanation I am looking for.

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Rounding the numbers in the second column, this makes the sequence $$\{1,1,2,3,5,8,12,19,30,47,74,116,182,286\}$$ which is $A060961$ in $OEIS$.

According to the page, they correspond to $$a_n=a_{n-1}+a_{n-3}+a_{n-5}\implies a_n-a_{n-1}=a_{n-3}+a_{n-5}$$