Basic Property of Conditional Expectation

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Let $(\Omega, F, P)$ probability space. Let $B \subseteq F$. Let $X,Y \in \mathcal{L}^1(P)$

I know, that: $\mathbb{E}[X] = \mathbb{E}[\mathbb{E}[X|B]]$

But, is this legal? $\mathbb{E}[X] = \mathbb{E}\left[\mathbb{E}[X|B]]= \mathbb{E}[X \mathbb{E}[0|B]\right]$

If not, how can I take the $X$ out of the second integral?

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If $B$ is a $\sigma$-algebra and $B \subseteq F$

$$\mathbb{E}\left[\mathbb{E}[X|B]]= \mathbb{E}[X \mathbb{E}[0|B]\right]$$

is wrong because

$$RHS = \mathbb{E}[X \mathbb{E}[0|B]] = E[X(0)] = 0$$ $$LHS = \mathbb{E}\left[\mathbb{E}[X|B]] = E[X\right]$$

For any $E[X]\ne0$, we have our contradiction.

Now if $X\in mB$, then

$$\mathbb{E}\left[\mathbb{E}[X|B]]= \mathbb{E}[X \mathbb{E}[1|B]\right]$$

As for 'taking $X$ out of the second integral', there might not exactly be a second integral there: $\mathbb{E}[X|B]$ is merely notation for any $B$-measurable and integrable random variable $Z$, in the same probability space as X, such that

$$\int_G Z dP = \int_G X dP \ \forall \ G \ \in \ B$$

Thus, $$\mathbb{E}\left[\mathbb{E}[X|B]\right] = \mathbb{E}[Z] = \int_{\Omega} Z dP$$

I see only one integral there.


If $B$ is an event, i.e. $B \in F$, and assuming $P(B) > 0$, then we have

$\mathbb{E}[X|B] := \frac{\mathbb{E}[X1_B]}{P(B)}$, which is a number.

Thus

$$\mathbb{E}[\mathbb{E}[X|B]]= \mathbb{E}[X|B]\mathbb{E}[1]= \mathbb{E}[X|B](1)= \mathbb{E}[X|B]$$