Calculating spectrum and resolvent set of a linear operator (General question).

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I am currently taking a course on functional analysis and we discussed spectral theory. I am having a lot of trouble with the following type of exercises

Given a linear operator $T: X \rightarrow X$ that is defined like (bla). Calculate the spectrum and resolvent set.

Does there exist a general approach to such problems? A good general strategy to solve such exercises? Because it seems to me that for every problem there could be a whole different strategy.

Sincerely, a confused undergrad. Thanks in advance!