I am familiar with the concept that a statement can be proven indepent such as in the case of the continuum hypothesis where both ZFC+CH and ZFC+(CH is false) are both proven consistent, but I would like to know if any current publications show that ZFC can show the following to be true of a statement T:
[ZFC+T is cconsistent and ZFC+(T is false) is consistent] is independent
(I apologize at how informally the question is posed; I've just started to read the work of Cohen and Godel and have been unable to find any text refering to this problem)
Statements of the form Con(ZFC + T) are never provable in ZFC, because they imply Con(ZFC). Similarly, ZFC can not prove any statement of the form "T is not provable in ZFC", because such statements also imply Con(ZFC). Both of these facts are consequences of Gödel's incompleteness theorems.
On the other hand if ZFC + T is consistent, then it is also impossible for ZFC to prove that "ZFC+ T is inconsistent". Because ZFC is $\omega$-consistent, if ZFC proves some theory is inconsistent then the theory really is inconsistent.
In short, ZFC cannot prove "ZFC + T is consistent" for any T and cannot disprove that statement for any T such that ZFC + T is actually consistent.