Can we prove $\varphi\rightarrow (p \wedge \neg p)\vdash\neg\varphi$ by natural deduction and contradiction this way?

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I'm thinking since $(p \wedge \neg p)$ is a contradiction we can do this:

  1. $\;\varphi\rightarrow (p \wedge \neg p)$ --- premise
  2. $\;\bullet\quad \varphi$ --- assumption
  3. $\;\bullet\quad p \wedge \neg p$ --- $\rightarrow$ elim 1,2
  4. $\;\neg\varphi$ --- $\neg$ intro 2 - 3

Is there anything wrong with it?

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Going by one of your earlier proofs:

Having already proved $A\vdash B$, $B\vdash C$ and $\neg C$, is this a fine proof proving $\vdash\neg A$?

it seems that $\neg Intro$ in your system requires an explicit $\bot$. So, you probably want:

  1. $\;\varphi\rightarrow (p \wedge \neg p)$ --- premise
  2. $\;\bullet\quad \varphi$ --- assumption
  3. $\;\bullet\quad p \wedge \neg p$ --- $\rightarrow$ elim 1,2
  4. $\;\bullet\quad p$ --- $\land$ elim 3
  5. $\;\bullet\quad \neg p$ --- $\land$ elim 3
  6. $\;\bullet\quad \bot$ --- $\bot$ intro 4,5
  7. $\;\neg\varphi$ --- $\neg$ intro 2 - 6
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$$\dfrac{\varphi\rightarrow (p \land \neg p)}{\dfrac{\dfrac{\dfrac{\dfrac{[\varphi]}{p \land \neg p}{~\small\text{MP}}}{p \qquad \neg p}{~\small\land\text{E}}}{\bot}}{\neg\varphi}{~\small\neg\text{I}}}$$