Center of mass of a circular arc of radius R subtending an angle at the center

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This is not a question, but just a theory post. Here we would like to calculate the position of center of mass of the circular arc subtending an angle φ at the center of the circle which it is a part of.circular arc

I made this graph on Desmos, here's the link to the graph: https://www.desmos.com/calculator/wwa9ofhgkb

for those who want the formula : Center of mass lies at a distance $R$$\biggr($ ${sin({{φ}\over 2})}\over {{φ}\over 2}$$\biggr) \ from\ the\ center.$

The proof is in the answer section

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**Proof

Reference image: proof reference image

Graph link: https://www.desmos.com/calculator/ufddnkhjum

At an angle $\theta$ from the x axis consider a small element of dm mass and length $dl$ = R•$d\theta$

The total arc length = R$φ$

Let M be the mass of the given circular arc

Linear mass density of the circular arc, $\lambda$ $=$ ${mass}\over {per\ unit\ length}$

$\lambda$ $=$ ${M}\over{Rφ}$

Mass = linear density×length

$dm$ $=$ $\lambda$×$dl$

$dm$ $=$ ${{M}\over{R φ}}×Rdθ$

Center of mass of this small element $r_{dm}$ = $R sinθ$

Center of mass of the total arc, $y_{com}$ $=$ ${\int dm.r_{dm}}\over{\int dm}$

$y_{com}$ $=$ ${{{MR}\over{φ}}\int_{{{\pi}\over{2}}-{φ\over2}}^{{{\pi}\over{2}}+{φ\over2}} sinθdθ}\over{{M}\over{φ}}\int_{{{\pi}\over{2}}-{φ\over2}}^{{{\pi}\over{2}}+{φ\over2}} dθ$

$y_{com}$ $=$ ${R\int_{{{\pi-φ}\over{2}}}^{{{\pi+φ}\over{2}}} sinθdθ}\over{\int_{{{\pi-φ}\over{2}}}^{{{\pi+φ}\over{2}}}} dθ$

$y_{com}$ $=$${-cos\theta \biggr |_{{\pi-φ}\over2}^{{\pi+φ}\over2}}\over{\theta \biggr |_{{\pi-φ}\over 2}^{\pi+φ\over 2}}$

$y_{com}$ $=$${2\ sin{φ\over 2} \over φ}$

$y_{com}$ $=$${sin{φ\over 2} \over {φ\over2}}$

For $x_{com}$: By symmetry $x_{com}$ will lie at the center

To prove it

$r_{dm}\ =\ R cos\theta$

$x_{com}$ $=$ ${R\int_{{{\pi-φ}\over{2}}}^{{{\pi+φ}\over{2}}} cosθdθ}\over{\int_{{{\pi-φ}\over{2}}}^{{{\pi+φ}\over{2}}}}dθ$

$x_{com}$ $=$${sin\theta \biggr |_{{\pi-φ}\over2}^{{\pi+φ}\over2}}\over{\theta \biggr |_{{\pi-φ}\over 2}^{\pi+φ\over 2}}$

$x_{com}$ $=$${cos{φ\over2}\ -\ cos{φ\over2}}\over{φ}$ $=\ 0$

Hence the center of mass of an arc is at a distance of R× ${sin{φ\over 2} \over {φ\over2}}$ from the center

Coordinates ≡ $\Biggr(0,{Rsin{φ\over2}\over{φ\over2}}\Biggr)$