discrete math (functions that include ceiling and floor

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i know how to find if the given function is injective or subjective or bijective, however when i get a function with cieling or floor i have no idea how to approch this. take these for example: functions with ceiling and floor examples

i already have the final answer, however in the picture my prof. downloaded the font is too small even if i zoom you still can't see some steps. anyway this is my prof. prof. solution solution for q 10 , how did he reach that 4 <= x <= 8?

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Functions involving the floor and ceiling operators can be tricky. The best thing to do is graph the functions first. Such graphs should readily suggest whether they are injective and/or surjective and lead you to a proof.