We have a partial differential equation \begin{equation} \nabla \cdot (p_1^2\nabla\alpha)=0\,. \end{equation}
Question: from this equation how can I write the following condition?
\begin{equation} \int_\Omega\alpha\nabla \cdot(p_1^2\nabla\alpha)= \int_{\partial\Omega}\alpha p_1^2 n\cdot\nabla\alpha -\int_\Omega p_1^2(\nabla\alpha)^2=0 \,. \end{equation} $p_1$ and $\alpha$ are position dependent variable.
It appears this is an application of the Divergence theorem, assuming everything is smooth: $$ \int_{\Omega} \nabla \cdot F = \int_{\partial \Omega} F\cdot n\,dS, $$
Let $F = \alpha p \nabla \alpha$, where $p = p_1^2$. The product rule reads for a vector $v$ and a scalar $\phi$: $$ \nabla \cdot (\phi v) = \nabla \phi \cdot v + \phi\nabla \cdot v, $$ therefore we have:
$$ \int_{\Omega} \nabla \cdot (\alpha p \nabla \alpha) = \int_{\Omega} \Big(\alpha \nabla \cdot (p \nabla \alpha) + p \nabla \alpha \cdot \nabla \alpha \Big) = \int_{\partial \Omega} \alpha p \nabla \alpha\cdot n\,dS, $$ and this is $$ \int_{\Omega}\alpha \nabla \cdot (p \nabla \alpha) = \int_{\partial \Omega} \alpha p (\nabla \alpha\cdot n)\,dS - \int_{\Omega}p \nabla \alpha \cdot \nabla \alpha , $$ rewrite $\nabla \alpha \cdot \nabla \alpha = |\nabla \alpha|^2$, and by the original equation $\nabla \cdot (p \nabla \alpha) = 0$, the left hand side of above vanishes, hence we have: $$ \int_{\partial \Omega} \alpha p (\nabla \alpha\cdot n)\,dS - \int_{\Omega}p |\nabla \alpha|^2 = 0 . $$
Or you can just memorize the integration by parts formula derived from the divergence theorem: $$ \int_{\Omega} u\nabla \cdot v = -\int_{\Omega} \nabla u\cdot v + \int_{\partial \Omega} u(v\cdot n)\,dS. $$