Does every projection operator satisfy $\|Px\| \leq \|x\|\,$?

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It's well known that an orthogonal projection satisfies $\|Px\|\leq\|x\|$.

Does this property hold for any general projection operator $P$, which is defined by $P^2=P$?

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The property does not hold. For example, consider $$ P = \pmatrix{1&0\\\alpha &0} $$ for some $\alpha \neq 0$. Note that $P^2 = P$, but $$ \left\| \pmatrix{1&0\\\alpha &0} \pmatrix{1\\0} \right\| = \left\| \pmatrix{1\\ \alpha} \right\| \geq \left\| \pmatrix{1\\0} \right\| $$