Consider a linear measurement process with some noise: $$y=Hx+v$$ with $$v \sim \mathcal{N}(0,\Sigma)$$ the covariance matrix $\Sigma$ is not a diagonal matrix. As we know, using LS, the $\hat{x}$ is $$\hat{x} = (H^T H)^{-1} H^T y$$ Does it change when $\Sigma$ is not a diagonal matrix?
2026-03-09 05:59:05.1773035945
Does the correlation between the measurement noise influence the result of the LS?
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Sorry, I eventually realize it is a simple question. Here is the answer of mine.
first, for a semi-definite matrix $\Sigma$, we can find $\Lambda$ so that $$\Sigma = \Lambda \Lambda^T$$
Then, we have $$\Lambda^{-1} v ∼ \mathcal{N}(0,I) $$
So, we can apply the conventional LS to modified measurement process: $$ \Lambda^{-1}y =\Lambda^{-1}Hx+\Lambda^{-1}v$$ then $$\hat{x} = ((\Lambda^{-1}H)^T \Lambda^{-1}H)^{-1} (\Lambda^{-1}H)^T \Lambda^{-1} y$$ $$\hat{x} = (H^T \Sigma ^{-1}H)^{-1} H^T \Sigma ^{-1} y$$