Under this answer, user Bruno Joyal asks:
This might be a naive question, but... how do we know there is a best possible solution?
I (but that's just me) assume that he might be thinking of a logical possibility that there is a sequence of ever better solutions, but that the limit itself is not a solution. But, whether he is or not doesn't quite matter. So, here goes...
Can it be proven that there exists an optimal solution?
How big a square do you need to hold eleven little squares?
We don't even know if this is the best possible [solution.]
The configuration space can be represented as a compact set, specifying for each square the position of one corner and the angle of rotation, as well as the size of the big square (which can be assumed to be bounded by some ridiculously large constant). The constraints are all of the form $f(\omega) \ge c$ where $\omega$ is the configuration and $f$ is a continuous function, and the objective (the size of the big square) is a continuous function. So yes, the minimum does exist.