I am having trouble coming up with a solution to this problem. This is a recommended exercise for an upcoming midterm (Not for marks, just for practice).
$\textbf{The question is:}$
Suppose $X_{1}$ and $X_{2}$ are independent random variables with $P(X_{1}=1)=P(X_{1}=-1)=\frac{1}{2}$ and $P(X_{2}=1)=1-P(X_{2}=-1)=p$ with $0<p<1$. Let $Y=X_{1}X_{2}$. Show that $X_{2}$ and $Y$ are independent.
$\textbf{My attempt at a solution}$
Since $X_{1},X_{2}$ are independent, we have $P(x_{1},x_{2})=P(x_{1})P(X_{2})$. Therefore we have the following:
$P_{X_{1},X_{2}}(-1,-1)=\frac{1-p}{2}$
$P_{X_{1},X_{2}}(-1,1)=\frac{p}{2}$
$P_{X_{1},X_{2}}(1,-1)=\frac{1-p}{2}$
$P_{X_{1},X_{2}}(1,1)=\frac{p}{2}$
Which is in fact a pdf. Now, since $Y=X_{1}X_{2}$, we have $(X_{1},X_{2}) \longrightarrow Y$
$(-1,-1) \longrightarrow Y=1$
$(-1,1) \longrightarrow Y=-1$
$(1,-1) \longrightarrow Y=-1$
$(1,1) \longrightarrow Y=1$
Therefore, $P_Y(1)=\frac{1}{2}$ and $P_Y(-1)=\frac{1}{2}$.
$\textbf{I am not entirely sure where to go from here (If any of this is even right at all)}$
After finding pmf of $Y$, let $x,y\in \{1,-1\}$,
\begin{align} P(X_2 = x, Y=y) &= P(X_2=x, X_1=x_2y) \\ &= P(X_2=x)P(X_1=x_2y)\\ &= P(X_2=x) \cdot \frac12\\ &= P(X_2=x)P(Y=y) \end{align}
Hence, they are independent.