I am trying to design a nozzle and require R to design it. I know the parameters as shown in the picture, with the two circles connecting tangentially, but am having a lot of trouble finding R.
I've tried to build triangles to relate the angle of the straight line connecting them (0.15+R line) but then I end up with two variables (theta and R) and only one equation based on the triangle with hypotenuse (0.15+R) and 0.25 as the base. Any tips on how to solve this?
Thanks!

It's not clear to me how this "nozzle" shape is defined, but from the diagram and the description* of your "failed" attempt, it seems that the basic Pythagorean Theorem for right triangles suffices.
Namely, solve for $R$ from
$$(0.15+R)^2 = (0.25)^2 + (0.025+R)^2$$
Does this suit your needs?
*The fact that the hypotenuse (of length $0.15+R$) is one smooth straightline comes from the requirement that the two circular arcs share a tangent at the connecting point.