Finding the initial direction of a parametric curve?

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With the parameters: $$x(t)=1-\sin^2t$$ $$y(t)=2+\cos^2t$$

It starts at (1,3) and when t=pi/2 it's at (0,2), so I'm tempted to say it's going down to the right; is this correct?

In general, is there a way to find the direction of a curve besides just plotting points?

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This is done by computing the derivative vector and seeing how it behaves near $0$.

That is to say what can we say about

$${d\over dt}\begin{pmatrix} x(t) \\ y(t)\end{pmatrix}$$

when $0<t<\epsilon$?

This is just

$$\begin{pmatrix}-2\sin t\cos t \\ -2\cos t\sin t\end{pmatrix}=-\begin{pmatrix}\sin(2t) \\ \sin(2t)\end{pmatrix}$$

for small $t$. As $t$ increases from $0$, $\sin(2t)$ increases, so both of these coordinates are decreasing because of the minus sign.

In fact, since the two entries are the same, we can say that it is headed in the direction of the angle $\theta = {5\pi\over 4}$.


Alternatively, if you do not know calculus

Let

$$0<t_1<t_2<\epsilon <{\pi\over 2}$$

be small. Then by examining the unit circle, we see that

$$2+\cos^2 t_2<2+\cos^2t_2$$

and the $y$-coordinate of our vector is decreasing, as a result.

Similarly $x(t)$ has that for

$$0<t_1<t_2<\epsilon<{\pi\over 2}$$

that $\sin t$ is increasing (again by considering the unit circle) and we have that

$$1-\sin^2t_2<1-\sin^2t_1$$

so that $x(t)$ is also decreasing. We no longer can easily tell they are headed in the same direction like with the calculus approach, though you can convince yourself of it by using

$$\cos^2t+\sin^2t=1.$$