Finding Vector components given vector equation

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I am self studying linear algebra via the book "No BS Guide to Linear Algebra" and there is this exercise in the book (E2.3).

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The chapter containing this problem didn't have any examples of problems like this, it's main focus was on some matrix-vector properties such as the inverse matrix and how it interacts with the matrix-vector product.

Totally at a loss as to what to even search on google to point me in the right direction on this one.

Don't need a blatant answer to this exact problem, but some direction would be fantastic.

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Hint: this is really just testing your understanding of how matrix multiplication works: $$\pmatrix{a&c\cr b&d\cr}\pmatrix{v_1\cr v_2\cr} =\pmatrix{av_1+cv_2\cr bv_1+dv_2\cr} =v_1\pmatrix{a\cr b\cr}+v_2\pmatrix{c\cr d\cr}\ .$$