Function subscript notation

Question

I'm a little confused by the function subscripts Nigel Cutland uses in his 1980 book "Computability: An Introduction to Recursive Function Theory". In 4.16.2:

"Let $\pi(x, y) = 2^x(2y+1)-1$. Show that $\pi$ is a computable bijection from $\mathbb{N}^2$ to $\mathbb{N}$, and that the functions $\pi_1$, $\pi_2$ such that $\pi(\pi_1(z), \pi_2(z)) = z$ for all $z$ are computable."

Do $\pi_1$ and $\pi_2$ refer to $\pi(1,1)$ and $\pi(2,2)?$ I understand proving the bijection (the first part of the prompt) but the exact meaning of those subscripts is not clear to me.

Answer 1

It is a standard notation to take $\pi_1, \pi_2 : \Bbb{N}^2 \to \Bbb{N}$ to be the two projections defined by:

$$ \pi_1(i, j) = i\\ \pi_2(i, j) = j. $$

The subscripts are just part of the names of the two functions $\pi_1$ and $\pi_2$ and you are being asked to show how the third function $\pi$ relates to those two functions.

Answer 2

Let $n\in \mathbb N $

Let $(x_n,y_n)=\pi^{-1}(n) $ so $\pi (x_n,y_n) =n $. If $\pi $ is a bijection then this is well defined.

Then define $\pi_1 (n)$ so that $\pi_1 (n)=x_n $.

And define $\pi_2 (n) $ so that $\pi_2 (n)=y_n$. If $\pi $ is a bijection, these are meaning well defined functions.

Perhaps another way of putting it is if $\phi_1 (x,y)= x $ and $\phi_2 (x,y)=y$ are the functions to take and ordered pair and return the individual components, then let $\pi_1 (n)=\phi_1 (\pi^{-1}(n))$ and $\pi_2 (n)=\phi_2 (\pi^{-1}) $.