If he have this region $$ \begin{align} \ -x\arctan(x)+0.2x-y\arctan(y)+0.9y=0\\ \end{align} $$ How can we find some $R$ (maybe minimum) so this region will fully inside this circle $(x-a)^2+(y-b)^2=R^2$.
In WolframAlpha I've found for example $(x-0.2/2)^2+(y-0.9/2)^2=0.8$ so $R=\sqrt0.8$ fits but have no idea how to prove that and how to find minimum radius.

There will be hardly an exact solution to find the minimal radius. If you want to find the maximal and minimal height of the curve, differentiate in respect to $x$, set $y'=0$ and you'll get $$\arctan(x)+\frac{x}{1+x^2}+0.2=0.$$ From here you'll find only a numerical approximation of the solutions.