How do I proove the symmetry of Metric space?

Question

I'm looking for the proof of that: d(x,y) = d (y,x). I know that I have to use the "non-negativity" and "triangle inequality" but I don't know how to combine them to get the result.

Answer 1

Take $d(x,y)=x^2+2y^2$. We obviously have nonnegativity and $d(x,y)+d(y,z)=x^2+2y^2+y^2+2z^2\geq x^2+2z^2=d(x,z)$ so the triangle inequality holds. But, for instance, $d(1,0)=1$ and $d(0,1)=2$, so symmetry does not hold. So symmetry does not follow from nonnegativity and the triangle inequality.

As mentioned in the comments, symmetry is a part of the definition of a distance function. A distance function is a real-valued function which satisfies nonnegativity, symmetry, and the triangle inequality, as well as $d(x,y)=0\iff x=y$. You can come up with functions which satisfy any three of these and do not satisfy the fourth—that's why they're all required in the definition.