How to determine the precision of intermediate results in a calculation process?

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How many digits of precision should be retained in the calculation process if I want the result of a mathematical operation to have n digits of precision?

For example, if I want the result of sqrt(sin(x)) to be 10 digits of precision, then what should be the precision of sin(x) in the calculation?

If the precision of intermediate results is dependent on the content of the calculation, how to analyze the precision of intermediate results in various calculation processes?