What are methods for correction of experimental measurements?

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I have experimental data series collected from sensors, and I have some problems because the data is obviously digitally distorted.

I don't know if it is a problem of rounding, or quantization, or truncation.

I had been looking for techniques for correction of that data.

I know about noise remotion on signals, but this is not exactly noise.

I had been searching for techniques to deal with this kind of problem, but I don't even know what is the terminology I need to use, so I failed.

The question is what are those kind of methods,for detection, identification and correction of data distortions caused by digitalization, rounding, truncation, quantization, aimed to make algorithmical corrections on the data.