How to find a graph's equation from its points

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I have a set of data that constitutes the graph on the picture. What I want to know is how would I find the equation equivalent to that kind of graph? The X are on the interval $[1,10]$.Graph

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I think you are talking about interpolation. There are many solutions to it, but basically in the case of your sample, you could try a polynomial interpolation or splines.

The more points you add to the calculation of the polynomial, the more specific and closer to the graph it will get, but at the same time the function will get more complex.

For instance, there is a nice online interpolation calculator here that makes linear, cubic spline and Lagrange interpolation, so you can choose the function that is closer to your original set of data.