Take a look at this nonlinear system $$ \dddot{x} +4\ddot{x}+24|\dot{x}| + 5\cos(x)|\dot{x}| + 50x = u $$ The objective is to linearize the system about the equilibrium point. First, we compute the equilibrium point but we need first to convert the third degree of ODE to first order ODE. $$ \begin{align} x_1 &= x \implies \dot{x}_1 = x_2 \implies f_1(\boldsymbol{x},u) \\ x_2 &= \dot{x} \implies \dot{x}_2 = x_3 \implies f_2(\boldsymbol{x},u) \\ x_3 &= \ddot{x} \implies \dot{x}_3 = \dddot{x} \implies f_3(\boldsymbol{x},u) \\ \end{align} $$ where $$ \dddot{x} = u - 4x_3-24|x_2| - 5\cos(x_1)|x_2| - 50x_1 $$ The new form of the system is $$ \begin{align} \begin{bmatrix} f_1(\boldsymbol{x},u) \\ f_2(\boldsymbol{x},u) \\ f_3(\boldsymbol{x},u) \end{bmatrix} &= \begin{bmatrix} x_2 \\ x_3 \\ u - 4x_3-24|x_2| - 5\cos(x_1)|x_2| - 50x_1 \end{bmatrix} \\ \dot{\boldsymbol{x}}&=f(\boldsymbol{x},u) \end{align} $$ The new form is indeed a first order system. Assume $u=0$. Now, we compute the equilibrium point(s) which can be obtained as follows: $$ \begin{align} \dot{\boldsymbol{x}}&=f(\boldsymbol{x}_e,u_e) = 0 \tag{1} \end{align} $$ The only equilibrium point for Eq.(1) is $(\boldsymbol{x}_e,u_e)=(\boldsymbol{0},0)$ or $x_1=0,x_2=0,x_3=0,u=0$. Now we compute the Jacobain matrix as follows: $$ \begin{align} A = \frac{\partial f(\boldsymbol{x},u)}{\boldsymbol{x}} \Big|_{\boldsymbol{x}=\boldsymbol{x}_e} &= \begin{bmatrix} \frac{\partial f_1(\boldsymbol{x},u)}{x_1} & \frac{\partial f_1(\boldsymbol{x},u)}{x_2} & \frac{\partial f_1(\boldsymbol{x},u)}{x_3} \\ \frac{\partial f_2(\boldsymbol{x},u)}{x_1} & \frac{\partial f_2(\boldsymbol{x},u)}{x_2} & \frac{\partial f_2(\boldsymbol{x},u)}{x_3} \\ \frac{\partial f_3(\boldsymbol{x},u)}{x_1} & \frac{\partial f_3(\boldsymbol{x},u)}{x_2} & \frac{\partial f_3(\boldsymbol{x},u)}{x_3} \end{bmatrix} \\ &= \begin{bmatrix} 0 & 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 \\ -50 & \frac{24x_2+5\cos(x_1)x_2}{|x_2|} & -4 \end{bmatrix} \end{align} $$ Clearly $\frac{24x_2+5\cos(x_1)x_2}{|x_2|}$ is undefined at the equilibrium point. How to proceed from this point?
2026-03-25 17:44:55.1774460695
How to linearize this nonlinear system?
201 Views Asked by Bumbble Comm https://math.techqa.club/user/bumbble-comm/detail AtRelated Questions in NONLINEAR-SYSTEM
- Solving special (simple?) system of polynomial equations (only up to second degree)
- Determination of Invertibility
- Question about stability of a nonlinear dynamical system
- The equation $x^T A x = (x^2)^T A x^2$
- 1D viscous flow upwards against gravity
- Convergence of fixed-point in a gauss-seidel style
- Intuition behind dense orbits
- Determine the stability properties and convergence in the origin using Lyapunov Direct Method
- Is $x(t/2)$ a causal/memoryless system?
- Why this field with non-zero curl has closed orbit?
Related Questions in JACOBIAN
- Finding $Ax=b$ iteratively using residuum vectors
- When a certain subfield of $\mathbb{C}(x,y^2)$ is Galois
- Two variables with joint density: Change of variable technique using Jacobian for $U=\min(X,Y)$ and $V=\max(X,Y)$
- Jacobian determinant of a diffeomorphism on the unit shpere must equal $1$ or $-1$
- Physicists construct their potentials starting from the Laplace equation, why they do not use another differential operator, like theta Θ?
- Solution verification: show that the following functions are not differentiable
- Finding Jacobian of implicit function.
- Jacobian chain rule for function composition with rotation matrix
- Is there a way to avoid chain rules in finding this derivative of an integral?
- Computing the derivative of a matrix-vector dot product
Related Questions in LINEARIZATION
- Product and Quotient Rule proof using linearisation
- Finding contstant in remainder term for linearization of $exp(x)$
- Linearizing Logarithmic Function
- Stability of Euler's Method for non-linear ODE
- If $ \|G(x+ty)\|<\|G(x)\| $, is then $ \|G(x) + tG'(x)[y]\| <\|G(x)\| $?
- Newtons method for finding reciprocal
- Properties of matrix $T_\epsilon$ such that there exists a unique inverse for $\epsilon \in (-\delta,\delta)$
- (Checking) derivatives of determinant, cofactor, trace
- How to linearize a weighted average with a decision variable?
- LQR Robotic Arm
Trending Questions
- Induction on the number of equations
- How to convince a math teacher of this simple and obvious fact?
- Find $E[XY|Y+Z=1 ]$
- Refuting the Anti-Cantor Cranks
- What are imaginary numbers?
- Determine the adjoint of $\tilde Q(x)$ for $\tilde Q(x)u:=(Qu)(x)$ where $Q:U→L^2(Ω,ℝ^d$ is a Hilbert-Schmidt operator and $U$ is a Hilbert space
- Why does this innovative method of subtraction from a third grader always work?
- How do we know that the number $1$ is not equal to the number $-1$?
- What are the Implications of having VΩ as a model for a theory?
- Defining a Galois Field based on primitive element versus polynomial?
- Can't find the relationship between two columns of numbers. Please Help
- Is computer science a branch of mathematics?
- Is there a bijection of $\mathbb{R}^n$ with itself such that the forward map is connected but the inverse is not?
- Identification of a quadrilateral as a trapezoid, rectangle, or square
- Generator of inertia group in function field extension
Popular # Hahtags
second-order-logic
numerical-methods
puzzle
logic
probability
number-theory
winding-number
real-analysis
integration
calculus
complex-analysis
sequences-and-series
proof-writing
set-theory
functions
homotopy-theory
elementary-number-theory
ordinary-differential-equations
circles
derivatives
game-theory
definite-integrals
elementary-set-theory
limits
multivariable-calculus
geometry
algebraic-number-theory
proof-verification
partial-derivative
algebra-precalculus
Popular Questions
- What is the integral of 1/x?
- How many squares actually ARE in this picture? Is this a trick question with no right answer?
- Is a matrix multiplied with its transpose something special?
- What is the difference between independent and mutually exclusive events?
- Visually stunning math concepts which are easy to explain
- taylor series of $\ln(1+x)$?
- How to tell if a set of vectors spans a space?
- Calculus question taking derivative to find horizontal tangent line
- How to determine if a function is one-to-one?
- Determine if vectors are linearly independent
- What does it mean to have a determinant equal to zero?
- Is this Batman equation for real?
- How to find perpendicular vector to another vector?
- How to find mean and median from histogram
- How many sides does a circle have?