How would you design a 3-D roller coaster track using mathematical modelling?

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I have an assignment where you design a roller coaster using mathematical functions in two dimensions. However, obviously this is not very realistic as it only consists of two dimensions, so only vertical and horizontal parts of the track can be modeled which neglects the parts of the roller coaster that go "in and out of the page" so to speak. I would be interested in learning how one would go about doing this in three dimensions.