Awodey states, at the end of page 47 of his 2010 book (where he discusses products), the following:
[...] one can define the product of a family of objects $(C_i)_{i \in I}$ indexed by any set $I$, by giving a UMP for '$I$-ary products' [...]. We leave the precise formulation [...] as an exercise.
Now this would be my approach (see below), and I would appreciate if anyone has any comment. I am struggling a bit with the UMP, although in this case it seems that just re-writing the UMP for binary products, should be the right way to define the '$I$-ary prododuct', as Awodey calls it.
Consider a category $\mathbf{C}$ and an indexed family of objects $(C_i)_{i \in I}$ in said category. The $I$-ary product for this category consists of an object $P=\prod_{i\in I} C_i$ and arrows $p_i: P \to C_i$ for all $i\in I$, which satisfy the following UMP: Given $x_i:X_i\to C_i$ were $X_i$ is a member of an index family of objects $(X_i)_{i\in I}$ in $\mathbf{C}$, there exists a unique $u = \langle u_{i}\rangle_{i\in I} :X \to P$, with $X=\prod_{i\in I} X_i$ such that $p_i\circ u_i=x_i$, for all $i\in I$.
Would this be correct/sufficient to define the UMP for $I$-ary products?
(Drawing commutative diagrams or including a picture of them would have been easier, but AMScd does not support diagonal arrows.)
No, this is not the correct condition. In the universal property of a product, you have just a single object mapping to each of the factors, not different ones. So the correct definition instead would have a single object $X$ with maps $x_i:X\to C_i$ for each $i$, and then there should exist a unique $u:X\to P$ such that $p_i\circ u=x_i$ for all $i$.