Consider $C^{0,\alpha}$ the class of $\alpha$-Hölder continuous functions. Let $\Omega \subset \mathbb{R}$ be a bounded subset and let $u: \Omega \rightarrow \mathbb{R}$ a continuous function. Prove that if there is $C\in \mathbb{R}$ such that $$|u(x)-u(y)| \leq C \left|x-y\right| \ln {\frac{1}{\left|x-y\right|}}$$ For $|x-y|<\frac{1}{2}$, then $u\in C^{0,\alpha}$, i.e., $\forall \alpha \in (0,1)\exists K_{\alpha}\in \mathbb{R}$ such that $$|u(x)-u(y)| \leq K_{\alpha} \left|x-y\right|^{\alpha}$$ My doubt:
First: How I prove that $K$ depends on $\alpha$?
Second: I think that we can use the subbaditive property of $ln$ function. But I can't do this
Third: How I prove that it isn't Lipschitz continuous?
Forth: why is the supremum of the distance $1/2$? Can I improve the distance, i.e. $\exists d>1/2$ such that the inequality is true for $1/2<|x-y|<d$? Or, can I suppose that this inequality are well-defined at $|x-y|<1$?
This definition I found in this link, page 80.
First: How I prove that K depends on $\alpha$?
I will show that if $u$ is Log-Lipschitz, then it's $\alpha$-Hölder for $\alpha \in (0,1)$. Actually, this is pretty straightforward. Let's assume that $$ |u(x)-u(y)| \leq C \left|x-y\right| \ln {\frac{1}{\left|x-y\right|}} \le K_\alpha |x - y|^\alpha $$ for some $\alpha \in (0,1)$. Then we must have $$ |x-y|^{1-\alpha}\ln {\frac{1}{\left|x-y\right|}} \le \frac{K_\alpha}{C}. $$ Consider a function $f(t) = t^{1-\alpha}\ln (1/t) = - t^{1-\alpha}\ln t$ for $t < 1/2$. Restriction $t < 1/2$ comes from the definition you provided (see link in the question). This function behaves nicely in zero, since $$ \lim_{t \to +0} -t^{1-\alpha} \ln t = 0 $$ and so it's bounded on the interval $(0,1/2)$. That's why there exist a constant $M_\alpha$ such that $$ t^{1-\alpha} \ln (1/t) < M_\alpha $$ for all $t\in (0,1/2)$. Now we see that one can take $K_\alpha = C\cdot M_\alpha$ and $u$ is $\alpha$-Hölder continuous.
Third: How I prove that it isn't Lipschitz continuous?
It can be Lipschitz continuous. For example, take a constant function. Though, I think, you can think of an example of the function that is log-Lipschitz but not Lipschitz.
Forth: why is the supremum of the distance 1/2?
Because it is a definition introduced by authors of the article. I suppose they are interested only in the local behavior of functions. Since such conditions like Lipschitz or Hölder measure local smoothness of the function, they consider only "close" points.