For two random variables $X, Y$, if their joint distribution can be written as product of two functions $f(x),g(y)$ for all $x,y$ ( need not be marginals), I am trying to prove that they are independent. However, I am unable to intuitively imagine this through examples. If I try to find the marginals of $X,Y$, aren't they nothing but $f(x), g(y)$ in this case? Is there something I am missing?
2026-03-31 05:34:43.1774935283
Independence of random variables.
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Below is a counterexample. Let the joint PDF of $X$ and $Y$ be $$f_{X, Y}(x, y) = 4xy$$ where $0 \leq x, y \leq 1$ and let $f(x) = x$ and $g(y) = 4y$.
In this case, both $f(x)$ and $g(y)$ are not valid PDF however.