Inequality with Gamma.

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Consider the function $$f(x)=e^{\frac{x^2}{2}}\int^\infty_0e^{-t^2}t^{2n}\cos(2xt)dt,\quad x\in\Bbb R$$

I find a lot difficultes to prove $$\forall (x,n)\in\Bbb R^+\times\Bbb N:|f(x)|\leq C\Gamma(n+\frac{1}{2})$$ for some const $C$. Thanks for any help.

My attempt:

Put $$f(x)=\frac{1}{\Gamma(n+\frac{1}{2})}e^{\frac{x}{2}}\int^\infty_0 e^{-t^2}t^{2n}\cos(2\sqrt{x}t)dt.$$

Let $x>0$, by the change of variable $t=\sqrt{n}s$ we get $$f(\frac{x}{n})=\frac{1}{\Gamma(n+\frac{1}{2})}n^{n}\sqrt{n}e^{\frac{x}{2n}}\int^\infty_0 e^{-n\big(s^2-2\ln(s)\big)}\cos(2\sqrt{x}s)ds. $$ Now we apply Laplace's method wich says:\ \textbf{Theorem} Consider the integral $\int^b_a f(t)e^{-n g(t)}dt$ where $g$ is of class $\mathcal{C}^2$ on $[a,b[$ (here $a<b\leq+\infty)$ and $f$ is a continuous function on $[a,b[$ such that

  1. $f(a)\not=0$
  2. $\forall t\in[a,b[:g'(t)>0$
  3. $g'(a)=0$
  4. $\forall t\in[a,b[:g''(t)>0$

Then $$\int^b_a f(t)e^{-n g(t)}dt\sim\sqrt{\frac{\pi}{2g''(a)}}\frac{e^{-ng(a)}f(a)}{\sqrt{n}},\quad n\to+\infty.$$

So we can write $$f(\frac{x}{n})=\frac{1}{\Gamma(n+\frac{1}{2})}\Big(n^{n}\sqrt{n}e^{\frac{x}{2n}}\int^0_{-1} e^{-n\big(s^2-2\ln(-s)\big)}\cos(2\sqrt{x}s)ds+n^{n}\sqrt{n}e^{\frac{x}{2n}}\int^\infty_1 e^{-n\big(s^2-2\ln(s)\big)}\cos(2\sqrt{x}s)ds\Big).$$ Put $$I_1=n^{n}\sqrt{n}e^{\frac{x}{2n}}\int^\infty_1 e^{-n\big(s^2-2\ln(s)\big)}\cos(2\sqrt{x}s)ds$$ with $g(s)=s^2-2\ln(s), \quad s\geq 1$ and $f(s)=\cos(2\sqrt{x}s)$, by the previous theorem we have $$I_1\sim \sqrt{\frac{\pi}{8}}n^{n}\sqrt{n}\frac{e^{-n}}{\sqrt{n}}\cos(2\sqrt{x})$$ (we have $g'(s)=2(s-\frac{1}{s})>0$ and $g''(s)=2(1+\frac{1}{s^2})>0$) Since $n!\sim(\frac{n}{e})^{n}\sqrt{2\pi n}$ we obtain $$I_1\sim\frac{n!}{2\sqrt{n}}\cos(2\sqrt{x})$$.

Using the same method we obtain $$I_2=n^{n}\sqrt{n}e^{\frac{x}{2n}}\int^0_{-1} e^{-n\big(s^2-2\ln(-s)\big)}\cos(2\sqrt{x}s)ds\sim\frac{n!}{2\sqrt{n}}\cos(2\sqrt{x})$$

Now by using the well-known result $\frac{n!}{\sqrt{n}}\sim \Gamma(n+\frac{1}{2})$

we get $$\forall x>0,\qquad f(\frac{x}{n})\sim \cos(2\sqrt{x})$$

So, $\forall x>0,\qquad\exists n_0\in\Bbb N,\qquad n\geq n_0\Rightarrow \Big|f(\frac{x}{n})\Big|\leq C$ for some constant $C>0$.

Therefore if we replace $x$ by $nx$ we obtain:\

$\forall x>0,\qquad\exists n_0\in\Bbb N,\qquad n\geq n_0\Rightarrow \Big|f(x)\Big|\leq C$

And hence $$\sup_{(n,x)\in \{n\in\Bbb N; n\geq n_0\}\times\Bbb R^*_+}\Big|f(x)\Big|<+\infty. $$

It remains the case $(n,x)\in \{n\in\Bbb N; n\leq n_0\}\times\Bbb R^*_+$ and it is easy because if $n\leq n_0$ we have

$$f(x):=\Big(\frac{\Gamma(n+1)}{\Gamma(n+\frac{1}{2})}\Big)e^{\frac{-x}{2}}L^{\frac{-1}{2}}_{n}(x)\leq C' e^{\frac{-x}{2}}P(x) $$ for some constant $C'>0$ independent of $n$ and $P$ is polynomial with $\text{deg}(P)=n\leq n_0$.

Since $\lim_{x\to+\infty}e^{\frac{-x}{2}}P(x)=0$ we obtain $$\sup_{(n,x)\in \{n\in\Bbb N; n\leq n_0\}\times\Bbb R^*_+}\Big|f(x)\Big|<+\infty. $$

Finally: $$\sup_{(n,x)\in\Bbb N\times\Bbb R_+}\Big|f(x)\Big|<+\infty. $$

The case $x=0$ is easy because $\Psi(0)=c$.

3

There are 3 best solutions below

1
On

This is a possible start.

Let $t^2=y$. $2t dt=dy$ so $dt=dy/(2\sqrt{y})$.

The integral becomes $\int_0^{\infty} e^{-y}y^{n-1/2}\cos(2x\sqrt{y})dy/2$ which is bounded by in absolute value by $\int_0^{\infty} e^{-y}y^{n-1/2}dy/2 =\Gamma(n+1/2)/2$.

To get rid of the $e^{x/2}$ we would have to consider how the cos affects the integral.

1
On

Assuming $n >0$ $$f(x)=e^{\frac{x}{2}}\int^\infty_0e^{-t^2}t^{2n}\cos(2xt)\,dt$$ $$f(x)=\frac{1}{2} e^{\frac{x}{2}}\, \Gamma \left(n+\frac{1}{2}\right) \, _1F_1\left(n+\frac{1}{2};\frac{1}{2};-x^2\right)$$ So, it suffices to show that $\forall x\in\Bbb R$ $$g(x)= e^{\frac{x}{2}}\, \, _1F_1\left(n+\frac{1}{2};\frac{1}{2};-x^2\right) < 2$$ If you work a little the function $g(x)$ you should notice that its maximum value is close to $1$ (we already have $g(0)=1$).

2
On

According to 22.10.15 in [1], we have $$H_{2n}(x) = (-1)^n\mathrm{e}^{x^2}\frac{2^{2n+1}}{\sqrt{\pi}}\int_0^\infty \mathrm{e}^{-t^2}t^{2n} \cos (2xt) \mathrm{d} t$$ where $H_{n}(x)$ is the Hermite polynomial satisfying $$\int_{-\infty}^\infty \mathrm{e}^{-x^2}H_n(x) H_m(x) \mathrm{d} x = \sqrt{\pi} 2^n n!\delta_{nm}, \ n, m = 0, 1, 2, \cdots$$

Thus, we have $$\mathrm{e}^{x^2/2}\int_0^\infty \mathrm{e}^{-t^2}t^{2n} \cos (2xt) \mathrm{d} t = \frac{1}{2} \mathrm{e}^{-x^2/2}\Gamma(n + 1/2) (-1)^n \frac{n!}{(2n)!} H_{2n}(x)$$ where we have made use of $\Gamma(n + \tfrac{1}{2}) = \frac{(2n)!}{n!} \frac{\sqrt{\pi}}{2^{2n}}$.

The question is: Is there absolute constant $C$ such that $$\mathrm{e}^{-x^2/2} \frac{n!}{(2n)!} |H_{2n}(x)| \le C ?$$ Theorem 1 in [2] says the answer is NO: It holds that $$\max_{x> 0} \mathrm{e}^{-x^2/2} \frac{n!}{(2n)!} |H_{2n}(x)| > C_1 n^{1/6}$$ for some absolute constant $C_1$. The same estimate is given in Theorem 1 in [3] where $p_n(x) = (\sqrt{\pi}\, 2^n n!)^{-1/2}H_n(x)$.

Reference

[1] M. Abramowitz and I. A. Stegun (Eds.), “Handbook of Mathematical Functions with Formulas, Graphs, and Mathematical Tables”, 1964.

[2] Ilia Krasikov, “New Bounds On The Hermite Polynomials”, https://arxiv.org/pdf/math/0401310.pdf

[3] "Estimates of the Hermite and the Freud polynomials", Journal of Approximation Theory, Volume 63, Issue 2, November 1990, Pages 210-224.