Is it possible to give one general definition of the normal ordering symbol?

96 Views Asked by At

In Quantum Field Theory one usually defines the Normal Ordering Symbol by means of examples and a description of its action: the normal ordering $N$ applied to one expression will be the expression itself if it doesn't contain creation/annihilation operators, or it will move all creation operators to the left of the annihilation operators if it contains those.

So for example:

$$N(a_p a_q^\dagger a_k)=a_q^\dagger a_p a_k$$

$$N\left(\int \dfrac{d^3 k d^3q}{(2\pi)^6\sqrt{4\omega_k\omega_q}}a_k a_q^\dagger\right)=\int \dfrac{d^3k d^3q}{(2\pi)^6 \sqrt{4\omega_k\omega_q}}a_q^\dagger a_k$$

and so forth.

The problem is: with the description and examples it is fairly easy to compute normal orderings.

My problem is that I find it difficult to handle it involving general cases for example when trying to prove things like Wick's theorem.

Some problems are: it is too general: it can act on just a product, act on an integral over operators, etc. Second, I can't see a good notation to define the general case.

I mean: I think that handling products of arbitrarily many creation/annihilation operators is enough, because $N$ should commute with the integral and be extended by linearity. But I don't know if just stating this is rigorous enough, or if we would need to derive these properties from a more general definition.

Anyway, even in products, I don't seem to find a good notation to express

$$N(A_1\dots A_n)$$

considering that $A_i$ can be either $a_{p_i}^\dagger$ or $a_{p_i}$.

So how can one define correctly the normal ordering symbol $ N$ and provide a nice notation to handle its general case?