Let's assume we have 2 gaussian functions Allowing some notation abuse they would look like:
$$G_i(x) = Ce^{\frac{-1}{2}[(x-\mu_i) / \sigma_i]^2}$$
$$G_j(x) = Ce^{\frac{-1}{2}[(x-\mu_j) / \sigma_j]^2}$$
Where $C$ is the constant factor of the Gaussians which I encapsulate here for simplicity.
I claim that $G_i \cdot G_j$ Is another Gaussian with parameters $\mu_{ij}, \sigma_{ij}$
But I am struggling at expressing the product as a new Gaussian to find the new parameters.
So far I have this:
$$G_i \cdot G_j(x) = Ce^{(\frac{-1}{2}[(x-\mu_j) / \sigma_j]^2) + (\frac{-1}{2}[(x-\mu_j) / \sigma_j]^2)}$$
If we focus on just the exponent and remove the constant factor we get: $$[(x-\mu_j) / \sigma_j]^2 + [(x-\mu_j) / \sigma_j]^2$$
My goal is to reorder the terms in that expression to get something of the form $[(x-\mu_{ij})/\sigma_{ij}]^2$
However I got stuck after getting the following:
$$\frac{(\sigma_j^2 + \sigma_i^2)x^2 + (\mu_i+\mu_j)(-2x) + (\mu_i^2 + \mu_j^2)}{\sigma_i^2\sigma_j^2}$$
I could keep going by dividing both elements of the fraction by the coefficient in front of the $x^2$ term but after that I am not finding an easy way to factor everything back into a singular square term on the numerator (i.e i don't know what do with $\mu_i^2 + \mu_j^2$).
Can this be done? Am I wrong about my hypothesis? Is there a theorem I can quote to avoid doing the entire expansion myself?
If, as @alphacapture commented, you write $$\frac{(x-\mu_1)^2}{\sigma_1^2}+\frac{(x-\mu_2)^2}{\sigma_2^2}=\frac{(x-\mu)^2}{\sigma^2}+\tau$$ completing the square or identifying the coefficients, you should arrive to $$\mu=\frac{\mu_2 \sigma_1^2+\mu_1 \sigma_2^2}{\sigma_1^2+\sigma_2^2}\qquad \sigma=\frac{\sigma_1 \sigma_2}{\sqrt{\sigma_1^2+\sigma_2^2}}\qquad \tau=-\frac{(\mu_1-\mu_2)^2}{\sigma_1^2+\sigma_2^2}$$ and then $$e^{-\frac{(x-\mu_1)^2}{2 \sigma_1^2}}+e^{-\frac{(x-\mu_2)^2}{2 \sigma_2^2}}=e^{-\frac \tau 2}\,e^{\frac{(x-\mu)^2}{2\sigma^2} }$$