Use Mathematical Induction to show that
$$\sum\limits_{i=1}^n F_{2i}=F_{2n+1}-1$$
for all integer $n\geq1$.
My answer:
Base case:
for n = 1
$$\sum_{i = 1}^{n} F_{2i} = \sum_{i = 1}^{1} F_{2i} = F_{2 \cdot 1} = F_{3-1} = F_{2n+1} -1$$
Inductive Step:
$$\sum_{i = 1}^{n + 1} F_{2i} = F_2 + F_4 + \ldots + F_{2(n + 1)} = F_{2(n + 1) + 1} - 1$$
Let $P(n)$ be the statement $$\sum_{k = 1}^n F_{2k} = F_{2n + 1} - 1$$
To prove the statement holds for each positive integer $n$ by mathematical induction, we must show that $P(1)$ holds and that $P(m + 1)$ holds whenever $P(m)$ holds since then we will have established the chain of implications $$P(1) \Rightarrow P(2) \Rightarrow P(3) \Rightarrow \cdots$$
In this case, we will need to use the properties of the Fibonacci sequence, which is defined recursively by \begin{align*} F_1 & = 1\\ F_2 & = 1\\ F_{n} & = F_{n - 1} + F_{n - 2}, \text{if $n \geq 3$} \end{align*} In particular, we have $$F_3 = F_{3 - 1} + F_{3 - 2} = F_2 + F_1 = 1 + 1 = 2$$
Base case: We show that $P(1)$ holds.
If $n = 1$, then $$\sum_{k = 1}^{1} F_{2k} = F_{2 \cdot 1} = F_2 = 1 = 2 - 1 = F_{3} - 1 = F_{2 \cdot 1 + 1} - 1$$ so $P(1)$ holds.
Inductive hypothesis:
Since $P(1)$ holds, we may assume $P(m)$ holds for some positive integer $m$. Thus, $$\color{green}{\sum_{k = 1}^{m} F_{2k} = F_{2m + 1} - 1}$$
Inductive step: We must show that $P(m) \Rightarrow P(m + 1)$ for each positive integer $m$.
Let $n = m + 1$. Then \begin{align*} \sum_{k = 1}^{m + 1} F_{2k} & = \color{green}{\sum_{k = 1}^{m} F_{2k}} + F_{2(m + 1)}\\ & = \color{green}{F_{2m + 1} - 1} + F_{2m + 2}\\ & = F_{2m + 3} - 1\\ & = F_{2(m + 1) + 1} - 1 \end{align*} Hence, $P(m) \Rightarrow P(m + 1)$ for each positive integer $m$.
Since $P(1)$ holds and $P(m) \Rightarrow P(m + 1)$ for each positive integer $m$, $P(n)$ holds for each positive integer $n$.$\blacksquare$
Note we have used the fact that $F_{n} = F_{n - 1} + F_{n - 2}$ when $n = 2m + 3$ to establish that $F_{2m + 3} = F_{2m + 2} + F_{2m + 1}$.