I'm trying to prove the following:
- ¬(A --> B) ⊢ ¬(¬A v B)
- ¬(¬A v B) ⊢ (A ^ ¬B)
- ∀x∀y(P(x, y) --> ¬P(x, y)) ⊢ ∀x¬P(x, x)
For the first two, I feel like the first step is try assume the contradiction, but I'm not sure where to go from there. For the third one, this is what I have:
- ∀x∀y(P(x, y) --> ¬P(x, y)) premise
- ∀y(P(a, y) --> ¬P(a, y)) ∀-elimination of line 1
- (P(a, b) --> ¬P(a, b)) ∀-elimination of line 2
- P(a, b) assumption
- ¬P(a, b) arrow-elimination of lines 3 and 4
- ∀x¬P(x, b) ∀-introduction for line 5
- ∀x∀x¬P(x, x) ∀-introduction for line 6
- ∀x¬P(x, x) ∀-elimination for line 7
but I don't know if my step 5 or step 7 work...
For the first two, as you said, we proceed indirectly:
This version is a bit different from yours, but the general strategy is the same: