
The "1" is replaced with a four-sided object, then the next one could be a five sided object, then six (the cube), but then after that, it is either a five-sided pyramid, or a eight-sided die.
Would you please give me an explanation or a rule for this image? Enlighten me, please!
I do not think there is any particular pattern to these shapes other than increasing "complexity" in some sense (as mentioned in the comments), but to describe exactly which polyhedra are pictured:
If one considers the small stellated dodecahedron as a simple polyhedron rather than a self-intersecting Kepler-Poinsot polyhedron, it has $32$ vertices, $90$ edges, and $60$ faces.