There is a web page attributed to Omar Pol, "Sobre el patrón de los números primos: Determinación geométrica de los números primos y perfectos." ("On the pattern of primes: Geometric Determination of prime and perfect numbers.") Figure 4 shows a geometric pattern that constructs the primes. Also, Jason Davies built an interactive demonstration of this construction. (http://www.jasondavies.com/primos/)
Where and when was the geometric construction in figure 4 originally published?
On
Omar Pol is the original author of the diagram, put online circa 2007. It appears that other similar works were derived from Pol's original diagram.
A larger diagram (n = 1..16) is online at: http://www.polprimos.com/imagenespub/poldiv01.jpg
(Source: Personal correspondence with Omar Pol.)
Isn't this
just a graphical representation of the Sieve of Eratosthenes, published "Introduction to Arithmetic" (60–120 AD) by Nicomachus...?