Overall Probability

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Using 2 sports teams, team A and B:

Team A's win probability based on historical data:

On Mondays is 80%; Against team B is 40%; Recent form is 70%; At home is 60%

How do you find 1 overall probability based on those numbers?

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Probability requires assumptions in order to make calculations. Determining what those assumptions should be is more art than science, and in this case, it's sports not maths.

If you assumed that those factors were independent, all equally important, and you had no more relevant information that you could include, then you can just multiply them all together: $0.8\times 0.4\times 0.7\times 0.6 = 0.1344$.

However, I want to emphasise that this is not "an equation [that] figures out [the] overall probability". They are probabilities in a model that has a number of (very flawed) modelling assumptions. Working out how to refine the modelling assumptions to get slightly less bad estimates is a career, not a StackExchange question.