Considering this question where there is this integral:
$$\int_{0}^{4\pi} \ln|13\sin x+3\sqrt3 \cos x|\mathrm dx \tag 1$$
Easily all the periodic function $$a'\sin(x)+b\cos(x)+c=0 \tag 2$$ can be written as:
$$A\sin(x+\phi)+c=0, \ A=\sqrt{a'^2+b^2}\quad \text{ or }\quad A\cos(x+\varphi)+c=0\tag 3$$ where $\phi, \varphi=\arctan \ldots$ are angles definited in radians, hence $\in\Bbb R$. Reading the comments of the user @Sangchul Lee, I think that $|\sin(x)|$ is a even-function and $\pi-$periodic,
$$\int_{0}^{4\pi} \ln|13\sin x+3\sqrt3 \cos x|\,\mathrm{d}x=4\int_{0}^{\pi}\ln| A\sin(x+\phi)|\,\mathrm{d}x=4\int_{0}^{\pi}\ln(A| \sin(x+\phi)|)\,\mathrm{d}x$$
- Why $\phi$ vanished? It is true if $\phi=K\pi$, with $K\in\Bbb Z$. I not remember this now.
- Considering the comment "Let $f:\mathbb R→\mathbb R$ be $T$-periodic and integrable on any finite interval then $∫_0^Tf(x)dx=∫_0^Tf(x+a)dx$" when is it useful, for a periodic function,
$$\int_{0}^{T}f(x)\,\mathrm{d}x=\int_{0}^{T}f(x+a)\,\mathrm{d}x=\int_{\color{red}{-a}}^{\color{red}{T-a}}f(x+a)\,\mathrm{d}x$$
and if are there general rules (or what is it happen) for the limits of the integral of a generic periodic function?
$$\int_{\color{blue}{\lambda}}^{\color{blue}{\mu}}f(x+a)\,\mathrm{d}x=\int_{\color{blue}{\lambda}}^{\color{blue}{\mu}}f(x)\,\mathrm{d}x=C\int_{\color{magenta}{\cdots}}^{\color{magenta}{\cdots}}f(x)\,\mathrm{d}x$$ where $C=C(\lambda)$ (upper bound) or $C=C(\mu)$ (lower bound) is a real constant.
We have $13^2+27=14^2$, so $$ 13\sin(x)+3\sqrt{3}\cos(x) = 14\sin(x+\varphi),\qquad \varphi=\arctan\frac{3\sqrt{3}}{13}\not\in\pi\mathbb{Z} $$ and $$\begin{eqnarray*}\int_{0}^{4\pi}\log\left|13\sin(x)+3\sqrt{3}\cos(x)\right|\,dx &=& 4\pi\log(14)+\int_{0}^{4\pi}\log\left|\sin x\right|\,dx\\&=&4\pi\log(14)+4\int_{0}^{\pi}\log\sin(x)\,dx\end{eqnarray*}$$ where $$\begin{eqnarray*} I=\int_{0}^{\pi}\log\sin(x)\,dx &=& 2\int_{0}^{\pi/2}\log\sin(2z)\,dz\\&=&\pi\log(2)+2\int_{0}^{\pi/2}\log\sin(z)\,dz+2\int_{0}^{\pi/2}\log\cos(z)\,dz\\&=&\pi\log(2)+2I\end{eqnarray*}$$ leads to $$\int_{0}^{4\pi}\log\left|13\sin(x)+3\sqrt{3}\cos(x)\right|\,dx =4\pi\log(14)-4\pi\log(2) = \color{red}{4\pi\log(7)}.$$