QR factorization and orthogonality

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I have to answer these 2 questions:

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I'm not sure where to begin...any ideas?

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Hint:

since $Q^TQ=I$, we have: $$ A^TA=\left(Q\begin{bmatrix} R\\O\end{bmatrix} \right)^T \left(Q\begin{bmatrix} R\\O\end{bmatrix} \right)=[R^T,O]Q^TQ\begin{bmatrix} R\\O\end{bmatrix}=R^TR $$