Can we get, from a smooth vector field $V$ on $\mathbb{R}^n$ (or a suitable subset), a dynamical system which appears to be random in the following sense: let $\phi(x,t)$ be the flow of $V$ and $P$ the (non-degenerate) invariant probability measure of $V$ on $\mathbb{R}^n$. For $k\in\mathbb{R_+}$ and $m\in\mathbb{N}$, look at the set of ${(\phi(x,ak))}_{a=l}^{l+m}$ for $l\in\mathbb{N}$, and consider these as a sequence $s_{x,m,k}(l)$ indexed by $l$. Let $P_{x,m,k}(l)$ be a probability measures on ${(\mathbb{R}^n)}^{m+1}$ defined as follows by extending from open sets. Let $P_{x,m,k}(O)$ for open $O$ be equal to the natural density of the set of $l$ for which $s_{x,m,k}(l)$ belongs to $O$. Our condition is then, for all $m$, for (almost all if necessary) $x$ (under the Lebesgue measure), $P_{x,m,k}$ converges as a measure to $P^{m+1}$ in $k$, the independent product of $P$ with itself $m+1$ times. In words, if we choose large enough timesteps, the proportions given by count of times at which a trajectory and subsequent iterates (up to some limit) belong to a set are arbitrarily close to those given by randomly independently choosing the same number of points in $\mathbb{R}^n$ according to $P$. Terser, if you couldn't observe a huge number of points along the trajectory, and you couldn't observe the trajectory at very small intervals, then you wouldn't be able to say if it was random or not.
2026-02-27 16:14:48.1772208888
Random-Looking Deterministic Dynamical Systems
12 Views Asked by Bumbble Comm https://math.techqa.club/user/bumbble-comm/detail AtRelated Questions in PROBABILITY-THEORY
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