Rescuscitaton of "Values of c for which the given quotient ring is a field."

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This question is an attempt to resuscitate this question, which was recently deleted by its author for reasons unknown to Yours Truly.

The question runs as follows: given the polynomial

$X^3 + 3X^2 + cX + 3 \in \Bbb F_5[X], \tag 1$

find all

$c \in \Bbb F_5 \tag 2$

such that $F_5[X]/(X^3 + 3X^2 + cX + 3)$ is a field.

Various approaches to this problem have been made in the linked citing; my own solution is presented below in my answer.

Note Added in Edit, Monday 15 June 2020 6:53 PM PST: In light of some of the comments, I would like to address the issue of differences/similarities between this question and the one linked in the above. End of Note.

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Since

$X^3 + 3X^2 + 3cX + 3 \in \Bbb F_5 \tag 1$

is a cubic polynomial, it is reducible if and only if it has a linear factor, i.e., if and only if it is possessed of a root in $\Bbb F_5$. We may evaluate this polynomial on the elements of $\Bbb F_5$ to determine the values of $c$ for which a zero exists. Setting

$p(X, c) = X^3 + 3X^2 + 3cX + 3, \tag 2$

we have

$p(0, c) = 3, \tag 3$

$p(1, c) = 3c + 2, \tag 4$

$p(2, c) = c + 3, \tag 5$

$p(3, c) = 4c + 3, \tag 6$

$p(4, c) = 2c; \tag 7$

scrutiny of these equations reveals that $p(X, c)$ has a root precisely when

$c = 0, 1, 2, 3; \tag 8$

thus $p(X, c)$ is irreducible for

$c = 4. \tag 9$

For this value of $c$, the ideal $(p(X, c))$ is maximal and hence $\Bbb F_5[X]/(p(X, c))$ is a field.