Same characteristic polynomial $\iff$ same eigenvalues?

Question

This proves: Similar matrices have the same characteristic polynomial. (Lay P277 Theorem 4)

I prefer https://math.stackexchange.com/a/8407/53259, but this proves that they have the same eigenvalues.

Are they equivalent? What about in general, even for matrices which are NOT similar?

Answer 1

1. If $A$ and $B$ have the same characteristic polynomial, then clearly the have the same eigenvalues, these are the zeros of the characteristic polynomial.
2. The converse is generally not true: for example $$ A=\left[\matrix{1&0&0\cr 0&0&1\cr 0&0&0}\right],\quad B=\left[\matrix{1&1&0\cr 0&1&0\cr 0&0&0}\right] $$ we have $\sigma(A)=\sigma(B)=\{0,1\}$, but $\chi_A(X)=X^2(X-1)$, $\chi_B(X)=X(X-1)^2$.

Answer 2

"What about in general, even for matrices which are NOT similar?" You can get matrices A and B, jordan matrices, with the same characteristic polynomial and same eigenvalues and the matrices ARE NOT EQUIVALENT Jordan matrices.