Solve $(y* \sin)(t)=t^2$
What I did: We know that $$\mathscr{L} \{ y(t) \}=Y(s)\quad\mathscr{L} \{ \sin(t) \}=\frac{1}{s^2+1} \quad\mathscr{L} \{ t^2 \}=\frac{1}{s^3} \quad\mathscr{L} \{ f(t)*g(t) \}=F(s) \ G(s)$$ hence $$Y(s)=\frac{s^2+1}{s^3}=\frac{A}{s^3}+\frac{B}{s^2}+\frac{C}{s}$$ with $$A=\lim_{s\rightarrow 0}\ s^2+1=1$$ $$B=\lim_{s\rightarrow 0} \ D(s^2+1)=\lim_{s\rightarrow 0} \ 2s=0$$ $$C=\frac{1}{2} \lim_{s\rightarrow 0} \ D^2(s^2+1)=\frac{1}{2} \lim_{s\rightarrow 0} \ 2=1$$ hence $$Y(s)=\frac{1}{s^3}+\frac{1}{s}$$ and $$y(t)=t^2+1$$
Is this correct?
Well, you used some properties:
So, when we've your problem for the LHS:
$$\mathcal{L}_t\left[\text{y}\left(t\right)*\sin\left(t\right)\right]_{\left(\text{s}\right)}=\mathcal{L}_t\left[\text{y}\left(t\right)\right]_{\left(\text{s}\right)}\cdot\mathcal{L}_t\left[\sin\left(t\right)\right]_{\left(\text{s}\right)}=\text{Y}\left(\text{s}\right)\cdot\frac{1}{1+\text{s}^2}\tag5$$
And for the RHS:
$$\mathcal{L}_t\left[t^2\right]_{\left(\text{s}\right)}=\frac{2}{\text{s}^3}\tag6$$
So, set the LHS and RHS equal and solve for $\text{Y}\left(\text{s}\right)$:
$$\text{Y}\left(\text{s}\right)\cdot\frac{1}{1+\text{s}^2}=\frac{2}{\text{s}^3}\space\Longleftrightarrow\space\text{Y}\left(\text{s}\right)=\frac{\frac{2}{\text{s}^3}}{\frac{1}{1+\text{s}^2}}=\frac{2\cdot\left(1+\text{s}^2\right)}{\text{s}^3}=2\cdot\left\{\frac{1}{\text{s}^3}+\frac{1}{\text{s}}\right\}\tag7$$
Now, using inverse Laplace transform we get:
$$\text{y}\left(t\right)=\mathcal{L}_\text{s}^{-1}\left[\text{Y}\left(\text{s}\right)\right]_{\left(t\right)}=2\cdot\left\{\mathcal{L}_\text{s}^{-1}\left[\frac{1}{\text{s}^3}\right]_{\left(t\right)}+\mathcal{L}_\text{s}^{-1}\left[\frac{1}{\text{s}}\right]_{\left(t\right)}\right\}=2\cdot\left(\frac{t^2}{2}+1\right)=2+t^2\tag8$$