substitution in order to find the probability density function

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I was wondering how do you find the density function of a random variable $Y$ given that :

$X$ is an arbitrary random variable.

$Y := X^2$

I know how to do that for the case where $X$ is continuous. But how would you that in the discrete case?

In the continuous case you would search for $ P(Y \leq y ) = P( X^2 \leq y ) $, and then when you found the distributition function, you just have to derivate it. But without this precious tool, what are the ways to conclude ?